A BBC documentary on the Higgs boson!

I have been a lazy blogger in March, and this documentary should show you why. I am getting increasingly involved in this search myself, and I am about to take a huge step in my participation. There is an ATLAS-only workshop (meaning that it is not public) in Oxford next week, in which I will present my own strategy to hunt for the Higgs boson. While I can’t give any details, I can point you to this brand new BBC documentary, explaining very well to the layman what this is all about. Enjoy!

Posted in Science | Tagged , , , , | Leave a comment

The Kony 2012 thing

Joseph Kony. Despite my criticism of the Kony 2012, he should still be stopped.

I hate when that happens. You may have heard about Kony 2012. a very, very well publicized campaign to bring african criminal Joseph Kony to fame, so that the world knows about him, and push for his capture and arrest. I watched the video, and I got carried away. Go and watch the video if you want, but I would advise to do some reading beforehand. I won’t link it, it’s easy enough to find.

I thought, what a wonderful idea. Bringing someone to fame, for better or for worse, makes people feel like they know him. You can do even better and bring one of his victims to fame, which will make the experience even more personal. One of the big reason we as humans don’t care about the horrors happening to other people far away is because we are not familiar with them. But a well-told story has the power to change that.

When we heard of the tens of thousands of victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, it left us less emotionally involved than when we saw a reporter on site asking one of the survivors to tell us his story. Stories are very powerful, and the guys at Invisible Children understand that very, very well.

They also understand that we love to believe in humanity. We love to believe that the only thing holding our infinite compassion from reaching out to the horrors of the world is our lack of knowledge about them. We love to believe we can change the world, and we love to be part of something big.

I am not saying that any of these things are wrong, maybe just a bit naive. I am not advocating apathy either. However, I am pointing out how effectively these aspects of our psychology I mentioned can be used to manipulate us. I should know, I fell for it. This afternoon, after I finished watching the masterfully well-produced Kony 2012 video, I remember thinking the following things:

  • The guys who made this documentary are putting every single thing we know about effective outreach into it. It’s a textbook case of effective marketing. I didn’t think for a second that maybe it was too effective.
  • I have seen social media in action. Avaaz, OpenMedia, Project Democracy and LeadNow are all groups I support who’s been effective at gathering our voices and bringing them to politicians using social media.
  • Twitter definitely had a role to play during the Arab spring. Put these things together, and bringing Kony down by first making him famous sounds possible.
  • The whole thing reminds me of the hippies trying to stop the Vietnam war with bongos in the 60′s, but still, they didn’t have social media.

I should have stopped to think a lot harder about the first and last points. The thing is, 99% of the time someone comes up with with perfect marketing, he has been sacrificing honesty in exchange for effectiveness. If honesty was something that sold, the world would be a much better place. Also, the hippies in the 60′s maybe didn’t have social media, but they still had TV, radio and newspaper spreading around their concerns. They could organize pretty effectively, proven by their huge gatherings. If the hippies had social media would they have stopped the Vietnam war sooner? It doesn’t seem likely that it would have made any difference.

The most critical point I need to make is this. Kony 2012, by appealing so strongly to our emotions, prevents us from thinking clearly and looking for more information. They make us feel like we know everything we should know about Kony, the people of Uganda, Invisible Children and the means to bring Kony to justice. They make us feel like there shouldn’t even be any deliberations about their motives. No, we need to act now, all the thinking has already been done (by us)! This should be a red flag. No geo-political situation is so simple that it can be explained in a 30 minute video. Avaaz and the other groups I mentioned take the time to provide links to more information for their campaigns.

I surely wish the form of terrorism that Kony is perpetrating would end. It is frankly disgusting. But I still got out of the Kony 2012 bandwagon (I only briefly jumped in). Look for more information on the issue. There are reasons to be critical of the motives and actions of Invisible Children. Getting rid of Kony will be as effective at stopping the child abductions as killing Bin Laden have been at ending terrorism in the middle-East. One man alone cannot be responsible for 60,000 abductions. There’s a whole operation going on there. Stopping Kony won’t put an end to it. Here is a link where you can find a lot more information.

Just an aside, I got tipped to the Kony 2012 story on Twitter by Justin Trudeau tweeting under the hashtag #StopKony. I didn’t even notice he was already telling us to think critically about this:

One of my friends warned me that the whole Kony 2012 thing was fishy. It reminds me how lucky I am to have friends capable of thinking critically, and not afraid to tell me when I am wrong. It also reminds me how much more effective we are at thinking critically as a group, when we don’t hold back from pointing the flaws in the reasoning of each other. Imagine that on a large scale in our societies. That would be real, permanent change.

Posted in Debunking | Tagged , | Leave a comment

Rumour: neutrino speed limit = c

The OPERA neutrino detector. Credit: OPERA, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso

Update: OPERA has confirmed that they identified two potential instrumental culprits causing the anomalous neutrino time-of-flight measurement. Further testing is required  to make sure these really are the culprits. Testing will take place later this year.

You might have heard this already, but since I talked about this topic 3 times in the past (here, here and here), I thought I should mention it. There are rumours circulating that OPERA might have found delays in their electronics that were unaccounted for which resulted in the 60 nanoseconds discrepancy that sent the world thinking neutrinos could go faster than the speed of light.

Here is Phil Plait giving more details and also Sean Carroll offering some thoughts. Let me emphasize this again: it is just a rumour at this point. OPERA still needs to confirm. I can understand if they are reluctant to do so. This is certainly embarrassing, but I hope the world will take it as a case in point that scientists admit the mistakes they make, instead of focusing on the fact that they make mistakes (and wrongly conclude that they are not trustworthy).

I think my tone has betrayed that I think the rumour is very likely to be true. But don’t take my word for it, and don’t think that physics and the world you live in is any less interesting, amazing and hopeful because of it. Transforming ourselves into neutrinos to visit other star systems was never going to be the answer anyway.

When OPERA found the 60 nanoseconds discrepancy in their results and couldn’t find a systematic effect responsible for it, they went public to get help. Now that they might have found the mistake, they will have to go public again. I think it was and is the right to do to go public in both cases. It shows that scientists organized in large enough collaborations are truly accountable. Would you ask any less of politicians? Would you want to know if the Prime Minister and his cabinet faced a problem they cannot understand?

Posted in Science, Science journalism | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment

On personalized advertising and data-mining techniques

Amazon recommedations for me!!!

What can be done nowadays with databases is remarkable. Well, remarkable probably isn’t the right word here. It doesn’t have the right flavour. One might want to mix in a little bit of “sinister” in there. But I’ll stick with remarkable because as usual, I get pissed when people get worked up over something without knowing how it works. So let’s make sure we are worked up over this for the right reasons.

I was pointed to this story by a good friend of mine. It’s about how Target, a major retail store in the United States collects information on its clients and then uses this information to predict future purchasing behavior. Of course, it is not stated quite like that. The title is much more provocative: “How Target Figured Out A Teen Girl Was Pregnant Before Her Father Did”. The article transpires hints that the author didn’t understand how it was done and he exaggerates a few key elements.

But still, this is a rather worrying example of the unexpected power of the techniques used in personalized advertising. Before we go on, let me remind you that personalized advertising is everywhere. Every time you buy a book on Amazon, that you buy a new TV season pass on iTunes, or that you “like” something on Facebook, the information you provide is used to give you recommendations. You have a “You might also like:” box that appears on your screen right after the purchase. This is not new at all. Amazon has been doing it for years. How can you accomplish something like that, and how can it reach the point where it can be so intrusive as in the Target case?

I thought about how you might accomplish this, and given the details on the method given by Andrew Pole, a statistician working for Target, I am reasonably confident that I know how. The techniques used are the same as the ones we use in particle physics. Welcome to the world of multi-variate analysis.

On one hand, you have a collection of clients on who you have information like their purchase history and basic demographic information. On the other hand you have a collection of particle collisions on which you have all the information your particle detector has managed to gather. In both cases, you have data points (clients, collisions) each of which has a specific value for different variables. For example, for each particle collision you may have the total amount of energy collected by the detector. For each client you may have the total number of packs of chewing gum they bought in the last two weeks.

Let’s say you work for Amazon, and your job is to figure out who you should advertise the Kindle to. Let’s say the only information you have on your clients is their purchase history, and whatever information they provide you for delivery. Is it possible that this will be enough to figure out who’s likely to buy a Kindle? Remember that this scenario is purely hypothetical, and that the plots I am going to show are completely made up.

First, you want to organize the information you have on your clients in variables. Such variables might be the total number of books they have bought, the number of books they bought in the last year, the ratio of romance books over science fiction books, the frequency at which they buy books, the frequency at which you change addresses. You can display these variables in histograms.

A histogram, showing how many people bought how many books in the last year.

Is it possible to use this information in any way to figure out who is likely to want a Kindle and who is not? Well, just from the bare histogram, you can’t. You need to split the data in the histogram in two. You need to know who will buy a Kindle and who will not, and then show the histograms for each scenario. But you can’t possibly know this in advance: this is what you want to figure out! The trick is to look in the past.

In the past, you already have clients who bought Kindles, and you have clients who didn’t. You can look at the number of books purchased by people who just bought a Kindle. If you do that, You find the following distribution in the histogram.

Identifying the subpopulation who actually bought a Kindle.

It becomes immediately apparent that people who buy Kindles tend to buy more books than the average buyer. You can already use this single variable to attribute a score that will tell you how likely someone is to buy a Kindle. But is it possible to do any better? Is there any other variable in your database on each client that may indicate that people buy Kindles? Let’s look at the ratio of romance books over science fiction books.

Histogram showing how many people have a given ratio of romance books over sci-fi books. Usually, it doesn't look that smooth...

There is some interesting information in that plot, like that there are lots of people who buy lots of sci-fi, but no romance, but no one buys only romance and no sci-fi. (Remember, this is made up!) However, there isn’t any discrimination between Kindle buyers and other people. Let’s look at the number of address changes in the last 10 years.

Histogram showing how many people changed addresses how many times in the last 10 years.

There we have some more discrimination. The thing is, we know that the number of books someone buys and the frequency with which she moves to a new home don’t really have anything to do together. What you observe is that people who buy lots of books and move around a lot are very likely to buy a Kindle. However, it doesn’t necessarily mean that a Kindle buyer will do both of these things. How can you use both variables to find potential Kindle buyers and still take this into account?

The answer is multi-variate analysis. You may already have picked up that you may have a larger number of potentially useful variables in your database (not only these two), some of them giving you strong discrimination, some of them giving you weaker discrimination, some of them being correlated, some of them not correlated… A multi-variate technique allows you to take all of these variables, and as long as you tell it what values these variables will take for Kindle buyers, it will make the best of them. What you end up with is a score that you can then calculate on each client. If the score if high, you predict that the client is likely to buy a Kindle, and if the score is low, you predict that she isn’t likely to buy a Kindle in the near future. That score will be like a new variable, that gives you the maximum amount of discrimination you can achieve with the data you have on your customers.

I have taken a fairly innocuous example here with the Kindle. In the case of the pregnancy and Target, it seems much more intrusive. There is an ethical problem here. Some people don’t see the difference between using a data-mining technique like multi-variate analyses and spying on people, but there is a very important difference. Spying will give you accurate information. It will give you certainty. You will know stuff about specific individuals. Data-mining will only give you a guess. It will never get you anywhere near the certainty you can obtain with spying.

For example, if you estimate that 70% of the people with a “Kindle buying” score above 0.9 will buy a Kindle in the next month, you know that 30% won’t. But there is no way to know who in particular. It is a fundamental properties of multi-variate techniques that they can only ever pick-up trends. They can never make definitive statements on single data points. I think this is a very important distinction and it should be brought into the discussion on the ethics of personalized advertising.

However, I am not done with personalized advertising yet. Is it right for companies to use the information the clients provide in this way? More precisely, is it right for a company to assume you are pregnant and send you advertising that is targeted at pregnant women? My answer to this question is no, but not because it violates the privacy of the clients. It does not (in the limits in which the company collects only information you willingly give them, but that is another discussion). That is simply not how data-mining works.

I would oppose personalized advertising simply because it is wrong of a company to assume anything on its clients. It is a form of prejudice. A very informed prejudice, but a prejudice nonetheless which results in a form of discrimination. Also, I have my reservations about companies reaching conclusions on their clients with multi-variate analyses, since they will usually be oblivious to how solid these conclusions actually are. They are not scientists, and their goal is to maximize profits, not to find the truth. The potential for discrimination here is horrendous. A company has no rights to determine your needs for you. There is an ethical limit beyond which these techniques should not be used, and we are getting close to it. Let’s just hope our politicians are up to the challenge (*sigh).

Posted in Debunking, Science, Thoughts | Tagged , , , , , | 1 Comment

Marie-Pierre Arthur (et pourquoi je supporte Radio-Canada)

Image copyright Bonsound Records.

Ça fait une éternité que j’attend après une artiste comme Marie-Pierre Arthur. Elle est une auteure/compositrice/interprète d’un talent extraordinaire qui ose aller à l’encontre de l’industrie de la musique populaire au Québec. Elle le fait avec brio. Afin de comprendre pourquoi, laissez-moi vous expliquer ce à quoi elle fait face.

Le réseau le plus populaire de stations de radio au Québec est trop occupé à diffuser de la musique de club et à vous crier des annonces dans les oreilles pour porter quelconque attention aux nouveaux artistes. Sérieusement, je ne peux pas m’empêcher de penser «quelle bande de douchebags» en voyant leur page d’accueil. Les autres stations de radio sont soit des machos libertaires ou bien ils ignorent le matériel original qui est sorti dans les 10 dernières années. Les stations de diffusion publiques comme la première chaîne de Radio-Canada diffusent une plus grande diversité de musique, mais ils font surtout des émissions basées sur des discussions.

Au Québec, si vous allez à l’encontre du vent, vous aurez très peu de support et d’opportunités de survivre seulement avec votre art. Ça prend des pionniers de la musique indépendante comme Karkwa qui ont du succès à l’extérieur de la province pour parrainer de nouveaux artistes jusqu’à ce qu’ils puissent percer par eux-même. C’est à peu près ainsi que Marie-Pierre Arthur y est arrivé.

Aller à l’encontre du vent sur la scène musicale au Québec signifie mettre autant d’emphase sur la qualité et l’originalité de l’instrumentation que dans la performance vocale. Cela décrit très bien ce que Marie-Pierre fait. C’est le genre de musique qu’on peut écouter sans même porter attention aux paroles parce qu’il y a tellement plus à écouter. Elle chante des mélodies si belles qu’on s’émerveille à la façon dont les mots s’y intègre plus qu’à leur signification. Quand vous décidez de porter attention aux paroles, vous avez l’agréable surprise de découvrir quelque chose d’aussi très beau.

Je crois qu’il est plus difficile pour une femme d’aller à l’encontre du vent au Québec, ne serait-ce qu’à cause d’une longue tradition de divas avec des voix flamboyantes. C’est tout comme la province essayait de cloner le succès de Céline Dion depuis les années 80. On ne s’attend malheureusement à rien de moins des chanteuses. On ne s’attend généralement pas à ce qu’elles jouent d’un instrument. C’est si rafraîchissant de voir une déviation si forte du modèle québécois dans la musique de Marie-Pierre Arthur.

Je devrais probablement ajouter que j’adore véritablement sa musique. Je ne fais pas que l’admirer pour percer devant l’adversité. Elle a déjà deux albums, un qui est éponyme qui est sorti en 2009, et un second qui vient tout juste de sortir nommé Aux Alentours. Les deux sont excellents.

Tout ceci se branche dans mes plans de discuter la culture et le Français au Québec. J’ai confronté les faits sur ces sujets récemment (il y a une collection d’articles sur wikipedia qui regorgent de données intéressantes, particulièrement celui-ci), et je suis lentement arrivé à la conclusion que la disparition du Français sur le continent Nord-Américain est bel et bien possible. Je me suis tourné à la prochaine question: qu’est-ce que ça prend pour qu’une langue prospère dans un monde ou les frontières géographiques ne veulent plus dire grand chose? Je crois que cette langue doit simplement être associée à une culture diverse et productive. Ceci est exactement ce que les Anglophones font si bien. Mais je dois ajouter qu’ils ont la vie facile parce qu’ils sont si nombreux. J’explique ce que je veux dire un peu plus bas.

La culture française en Amérique du Nord doit simplement générer suffisamment de diversité pour connecter avec tous ses adhérents. Le Québec fait ceci très bien dans le domaine de l’humour, mais pas si bien en musique, télévision, cinéma, littérature et science.

Je ne devrais pas me prendre comme un exemple représentatif parce que je ne représente qu’une seule donnée, mais je connais beaucoup de gens qui vont se reconnaître. La seule raison pour laquelle je choisis de m’exposer d’avantage aux cultures américaines et britanniques est que je ne trouve pas ce que je cherche dans la culture québécoise. Toutefois, je suis toujours excité de découvrir un artiste que j’aime au Québec. Je veux apprécier la culture, je ne suis pas apathique vers celle-ci. Elle est seulement trop étroite, et ce qui me dérange particulièrement est qu’elle est arrangée pour être ainsi par l’industrie privée des médias.

Le Québec a près de 8 million d’habitants, mais les États-Unis et le Canada anglais ensemble ont plus de 330 million de personnes. Dans un bassin de population si large, il est facile de dévier des tendances principales et de quand même trouver assez d’admirateurs pour bien vivre de son art. Toutes les niches sont remplies d’assez de gens que la diversité dans la culture se maintient presqu’automatiquement. Au Québec, la langue nous empêche de jouer sur l’immense scène anglophone. Le matériel culturel francophone est principalement confiné à l’intérieur de la province.

Les compagnies médiatiques privées comme Québécor Média veulent tout de même croître sans limites. La seule façon qu’une telle compagnie peut devenir grosse avec du matériel francophone au Québec est de se rabattre sur le dénominateur commun, le truc le plus populaire. Toute déviation résultera en de plus petits revenus, étant donné qu’elle connectera avec moins de gens. Ceci est la raison pourquoi il y a un “moule” dans la paysage culturel québécois, et c’est aussi pourquoi s’en échapper et survivre financièrement peut difficilement être fait sans aide.

Radio-Canada, la division francophone de la CBC est la compagnie médiatique de plus haute qualité qui offre le plus d’opportunités pour générer de la diversité. C’est la seule compagnie qui offre des programmes scientifiques de qualité à la télévision. J’espère un jour être en mesure d’apporter un peu de science dans le paysage culturel de la province et je n’ai presque pas d’espoir d’y parvenir si Radio-Canada venait à disparaître. Voici une des nombreuses raisons pourquoi je méprise l’idéologie des Conservateurs. Voici pourquoi je me suis déclaré ami de Radio-Canada.

Marie-Pierre Arthur me rappelle qu’il y a encore de l’espoir dans la bataille pour maintenir la diversité culturelle au Québec. Elle me motive aussi à recommencer à écrire des chansons en français.

English version, why I am a friend of the CBC

It feels like this is the kind of music I have been waiting for all my life. Marie-Pierre Arthur is a singer/songwriter/musician of extraordinary talent who dares to fly in the face of the mainstream music industry in Québec. Oh, and does she fly! In order to understand why, let me explain what she is up against.

The most popular network of radio stations in Québec is too busy broadcasting club music and shouting ads to pay any attention to new artists. Seriously, look at their main webpage and tell me they don’t look like total douchebags. Other popular radio broadcasters are either libertarian MRAs or ignoring anything original that’s been done in the last decade or so. Public broadcasting stations like la première chaîne de Radio-Canada do broadcast a larger diversity of music, but it is spending most of its time doing talking shows.

In Québec, if you go against the grain, you have very little support and opportunity to make a living out of your art. It takes pioneers of independent music like Karkwa who enjoy a fair amount of success outside Québec to foster some new artists until they can stand on their own. That is pretty much how Marie-Pierre Arthur did it.

Going against the grain on the musical scene in Québec means putting as much emphasis on the quality and originality of your instrumentation as on your vocal performance. This is exactly what Marie-Pierre does. This is the kind of music you can listen to without even caring about the lyrics, because there is so much more to listen to. She sings melodies so beautiful that you marvel at how the words flow into it more than you care about their meaning. When you actually decide to pay attention to the lyrics, you have the pleasant surprise of discovering something also beautiful.

I think it is more difficult for a women to go against the grain in Québec, if only because of a long tradition of divas with flamboyant voices. It’s like the province has been trying to clone the success of Céline Dion since the 80′s and they expect nothing less of new female artists. We don’t really expect them to play of any instrument either. It is SOOOOO refreshing to see a strong departure from all this in Marie-Pierre Arthur’s music.

I should probably add that I genuinely love her music. I’m not just admiring her for standing out. She has two albums, one eponymous released in 2009 and a a brand new release from this month called Aux Alentours. Both are excellent.

This connects nicely with my previous plans to discuss culture and French in Québec. As I was reading about these topics (there is a very nice collection of wikipedia articles on it, especially this one), I slowly became convinced that French could eventually disappear from the North American continent. So I turned to the next question: what does it take for a language to survive in a world where geographical boundaries don’t mean anything anymore? I think it must simply be associated with a productive and diverse culture, and this is exactly what the English are doing so well. But I should say they have it easy because they are many. More on this in a second.

The French culture of North america must simply generate enough diversity to connect with all of its adherents. Québec is excellent at doing this in comedy, but not so much in music, TV, movies, literature and science.

I shouldn’t take myself as an example because I am only one data point, but I know a lot of people in the province who will relate. The only reason I choose to be more exposed to British and American cultures is only because I don’t find what I am looking for in Québec’s cultural landscape. Nevertheless, I feel overjoyed every time I find an artist I like who is from Québec. I want to enjoy the culture, I’m not apathetic towards it. It is just too narrow, and the saddest thing is that it’s almost engineered this way by the private media industry.

Québec has nearly 8 million people but the United States and English Canada combined have over 330 million people. In such large populations, it is easy to deviate from the mainstream and still find enough fans to make a decent living. Every niche is filled with enough people so that diversity of culture becomes easy. In Québec, the language difference prevents us from playing on that scene. French cultural material is mostly confined to Québec.

Private media companies like Québécor Media still want to get big however. The only way to get big as a media company is to always go for the common denominator. Any deviation from it will represent lower income, since it will connect with fewer people. This is the reason why there is such a thing as a “mold” in Québec’s cultural landscape, and this is why escaping it and still making a living can hardly be done without help.

Radio-Canada, the French division of the CBC is certainly the media company of highest quality that still offers decent opportunities to generate diversity. It is the only television media that have quality science programs in Québec. I hope one day to maybe bring a little bit more science in the cultural landscape in Québec, and I have practically no hope of succeeding if the CBC disappears. No wonder I don’t sympathize with the Conservatives. No wonder I am a friend of the CBC.

Marie-Pierre Arthur reminds me that there is still hope in the battle to maintain cultural diversity in Québec. She also motivates me to go back to writing songs in French.

Posted in Music, Thoughts | Leave a comment

So Alive

Here is a little glimpse into what I do when I have to wait after my analysis programs to finish running. I’m working on a few of these, maybe releasing an acoustic EP at some point in the future.

Oh, and since I have complete control over the sound quality, this is so much better than myspace!


Skidding across all the empty space
Nothing at all interferes
Nothing to slow down the spreading of the firestorm
The same lie

It only did make me feel alright
It never was anything more than my desire

Nothing is stopping the spreading fire
I realize

Ask me why
It makes me feel so alive
Ask me why
It makes me so much more alive

The end is nothing more than the start
Another boundary, the other side
Consuming all the rest that’s on my mind
Somehow it feels right

Ask me why
It makes me feel so alive
Ask me why
It makes so much more alive

There is no one
To make it so
There is no one
To make it so

Posted in Music, Songs | Tagged , , , | 3 Comments

RWA in the shadows of SOPA/PIPA

The future of scientific research sharing. arXiv.org

There have been a fantastic awareness campaign online about the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the Protect IP Act (PIPA). Wikipedia led a blackout campaignwhich was joined by a large number of famous websites and blogs. However, there is another bill that goes along with these two that is equally terrifying to me, and it wasn’t discussed nearly enough. Enter the Research Works Act (RWA).

The RWA has been discussed on Wired and Pharyngula, it has received the opposition of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the publisher of the outstanding scientific journal Science. There are a few petitions online against it. Another major scientific publisher, Elsevier, has pronounced itself for the act.  Before you commit to a position, sign petitions and protest, let’s have a quick look at what this act actually is.

It’s very simple to understand. Science thrives on open sharing of new ideas and experimental data. The most important way that scientists have to get their research recognized and available to other scientists are peer-reviewed journals. However, the procedure of submitting a paper to a peer-reviewed journal is expensive and lengthy. The journal charges the authors for the submission process, and then charge the people who want to gain access to the papers. They pretty much make money at every step.

Researchers in public universities usually have access to most scientific journals because their university is paying the subscription fees. Nevertheless, the research reported in the journals is done with public money and the public need to pay again to have full access to it. I personally think this is ridiculous, and peer-reviewed open-access research is the way to make research less expensive, faster, and more accessible. If there is one thing science cannot afford nowadays, it is to be hidden from the public despite being paid by the public. This would be suicidal.

A small but important step was taken a few years ago in the United States to make any publicly funded research results available within 12 months of publication in a scientific journal. The newly proposed RWA would effectively neutralize this step forward. Here is the text of the bill:

    No Federal agency may adopt, implement, maintain, continue, or otherwise engage in any policy, program, or other activity that–
    (1) causes, permits, or authorizes network dissemination of any private-sector research work without the prior consent of the publisher of such work; or
    (2) requires that any actual or prospective author, or the employer of such an actual or prospective author, assent to network dissemination of a private-sector research work.

Ok, so it’s just for private-sector research, or is it? (emphasis is mine)

PRIVATE-SECTOR RESEARCH WORK- The term `private-sector research work’ means an article intended to be published in a scholarly or scientific publication, or any version of such an article, that is not a work of the United States Government (as defined in section 101 of title 17, United States Code),
describing or interpreting research funded in whole or in part by a Federal agency
and to which a commercial or nonprofit publisher has made or has entered into an arrangement to make a value-added contribution, including peer review or editing. Such term does not include progress reports or raw data outputs routinely required to be created for and submitted directly to a funding agency in the course of research.

Well we notice first that someone who writes like this should learn to write unambiguously and clearly. Then, we notice that this definition includes pretty much all research. I cannot think of that much research that is being done directly by the US government (NASA maybe?), as opposed to being funded by a Federal agency (NSF). The bill essentially hides most research behind a paywall again. Elsevier reveals itself as a profit-driven enterprise more than a research-facilitator by approving such a bill.

There is now even an organized effort to boycott and petition against Elsevier. You can look at the names of the people who are already taking part in the effort in the “Show names from” drop-down menu, and I was surprised to see many researchers I know. Graduate students like me should not be shy to join the effort. They face the publication process as well.

If you are not a researcher yourself, but still interested in science, you can still petition against the RWA here.

Posted in Politics, Science, Science journalism | 4 Comments